Brazillian Wax For Guys Hard On

us-tati [-tachi]

Why the Japanese have they lost the war against the Americans?
The answer is clear and simple: It is because there no "plural" in the Japanese language! It is a backward language!
The teachers repeated this history in schools. During the war, the bombing said the alarm 敌机 来袭! 敌机 来袭! ( Tekki raïsyû [raïshû]! attack enemy aircraft!) How would we know the number of planes like this? Is there a bomber that arrives or is there more to come there? We never knew! This is the reason for our defeat! Yeah, it's just too obvious ...
Thus, the complex infant on the lack of singular-plural distinction is embedded in it head of the Japanese post-war. Some perceive the ridiculous, but others do not. They are completely unaware of this problem, and probably many more people who dislike the abuse of the suffix-tachi , the effective way to make the plural form by the New Japanese who do not, moreover, that this suffix is not used at all to show the difference between two bombaridiers and one hundred bombers.敵 機 たち 来襲! ( Tekki-tati raïsyû [Tekki-tachi raïshû] attack enemy aircraft!) Would be laughed ... It Americanizing the Japanese ... (Unfortunately, the Japanese lost the war against the Americans. If it had been with the French, we would not hear the difference between singular and plural, unless it has been contested by horses.)
I've never done research on this, but I guess these people pronounce -wo for the particle を ( -o), so they want anglicized (or Americanized) Japanese. If the Japanese do not usually show the distinction between singular and plural, it is neither a shortage nor a failure compared to English ...
For me, it is two major phenomena that are truly pathetic about the Japanese post-war abuse -tachi and pronunciation -wo. It's frankly ugly Japanese. As for the term as 彼女 たち ( kanozyo-tati [kanojo-tachi] ), I can tolerate it as long as it remains in the classroom to the "version" (for nippophones). But this is not standard Japanese! Well, language evolves (or altered ...) I could accept
-tachi added to those in a pinch. But what is it saying?雲 たち ( kumo-tati [kumo-tachi] , clouds), 鳥 たち ( tori-tati [tori-tachi] , birds), 犬 たち ( inu-tati [inu-tachi] , dogs), 歌 たち ( uta-tati [uta-tachi] , songs) ことば たち ( kotoba-tati [kotoba-tachi] , words) ... These are examples of ridiculous and stupid that we should not imitate. In addition, some of them are poetic, it's exaggerated! The most serious cases are uta-tati [uta-tachi] and kotoba-tati [kotoba-tachi] because they are being inanimate, abstract and more. If you want to do exactly as Japanese contemporaries, you can emulate up 鳥 たち, 犬 たち but never 歌 たち! It is true that
MURANO Siro [Shiro] (1901-1975), the great poet who represents the movement of "modernism" of literature, has written a poem entitled 雲 たち の 衣裳 ( tati-no-Kumo isyô [Kumo-tachi No-isho] , residents of clouds), but it was an anthropomorphic metaphor. It may be poetic to the extent that we see the living beings in the clouds (however, I find that term somewhat happy anyway). By cons, the example of TAKIGUTI Syûzô [Takiguchi Shuzo] (1903-1979), poet-artist who has many admirers but I do not like at all, was the expression 苦しむ 鳥 たち ( Kurusimu-tori tati [Kurushimu tori-tachi] , Birds suffering), and this is the beginning of the abuse allegedly poetic! This suffix does not belong here. (It is possible that my decision is biased.)
You can put the suffix-tati [-tachi] the word only when it is needed. For example, it is necessary to distinguish between 私 ( Watase [watashi] , me) 私 たち ( Watase-tati [watashi-tachi] , us). But we can also say 我 々 ( waréwaré ) or 私 ら (ra- Watase [watashi-ra] ) to say "we" ...
Here, I speak to francophones who speak Japanese very well: It is better that you ask every time if the suffix-tati [-tachi] is really necessary to avoid confusion. In most cases, -tati [-tachi] grotesque is an addition in my opinion.
The use of the suffix-tati [-tachi] was originally booked to show respect for the nobility. People born in 1920 have previously learned in school that we should not put -tati [-tachi] if compliance proved misplaced. Therefore, they should say 私 ら (ra- Watase [watashi-ra] ) or 私 ども ( wata [ku] if-domo [wata [ku]-shi domo] ) instead 私 たち ( Watase-tati [watashi-tachi] ). Even now, when we want to show modest (to talk to customers, for example), it does not say much Watase-tati [watashi-tachi] but watakusi-domo [watakushi-domo] . (I sometimes wonder if the Japanese method is here to trap non-Japanese who want to learn this language ...)
For The Great Dictionary of Japanese Syôgakukan [Shogakukan] (in 20 volumes, nothing to do with the Shogakukan-Robert ), the first job this suffix is for "gods, emperors and nobles." Then, the value has deteriorated slightly to show respect. And finally, the third job is devoid of respect, allowing expressions like Watase-tati [watashi-tachi] or kimi-tati [kimi-tachi] (you). The word tomo-dati [tomo-dachi] (friend), which is not regarded as plural, can be put in that category. Grand Syôgakukan [Shogakukan] anthropomorphization accepts pets. But other jobs are always at fault.
I admit that I am speaking as a purist. But I think the Japanese should not learn Japanese more or less purist. Besides, you have no need to talk specifically Japanese irritates the elderly. But contradictorily, in the present situation where there are no good ways to learn this language, it is very difficult to understand what it is that good Japanese. It is imperative to use this cursed when you suffix the "theme" (for Francophones). But you should know that the systematic use of -tachi is not in the registry of the Japanese standard.
I cite an example. It is better to avoid saying 彼女 たち kanojo-tachi , if you speak good Japanese. Already, the use of "pronouns" as 彼 karé and 彼女 kanozyo [kanojo] is not really normal, except in the translation or to say "small (e) friend (s)" as a word familiar. If we replace this word by 女の子 onna-no-ko (girls), you do not need to -tati [-tachi] in most cases, unless you stick to clarify that it is plural. For the word as 女子 学生 zyosi-Gakusei [joshi-Gakusei] (students), I honestly see no need to add -tati [-tachi] , but I hear zyosi-Gakusei-tati [ joshi-Gakusei-tachi] even in programs of NHK, where he was moved to note the number. It is appalling to me, but I must say that much of the Japanese no longer see any problem. Anyway, I have reason to be stressed, because a good French teacher never tells his students that non-French Capital de la Belgique est " Brukselles ", même si 90% des Français prononcent ainsi.

Vedio Of How To Use Susten

Naka Naka-né

Certains adverbes japonais n'ont pas d'équivalents français. Naka Naka nakanaka en est un. Je trouve ces exemples dans mon dictionnaire japonais-français, qui ne donne d'ailleurs pas la définition du mot en français.

cold this year, easily. Kotosi-wa [Kotoshi-wa] nakanaka samui . Il fait bien froid cette année.
to take time to get there easily. Soko-e-ni-wa Yuku nakanaka zikan-ga [-ga jikan] kakaru . We need enough time to go.
彼 は なかなか 笑わない. Kare-wa-nai nakanaka Warawa. He rarely laughs.

As the last sentence is a negation, we could translate: He does not laugh often enough. Thus, the word would mean "enough", "good" or "fairly well (often). These translations are quite correct, but insufficient to understand the adverb.
This word actually means "contrary to expectations (more or less extended). For example, the singer in my area MIKAMI Kan, which is known for its weird texts, has a song called "Nakanaka" in his repertoire. He sings この 牛 丼 は なかなか だ Kono gyudon nakanaka-wa-da . The gyudon (beef bowl) is a dish traditionally served in the Sobaya (noodle), but it is now considered a dish representing the Japanese fast food.

The franchise chain Yosinoya [Yoshinoya], which has stores throughout Japan, is proposing that this dish. It is not expensive at all, but rather rich. However, it is not expected to good quality. Therefore, "Kono gyudon nakanaka-wa-da " means "For gyudon , it is not bad." You can say
あなた の 料理 は なかなか おいしい Anata-no-wa Ryôri nakanaka oïsii [Oishii] (You're a good cook cons pending) without shock, in a certain context. This is where that person would have warned you it was not a good cook, by modesty or not. (I must say that this is not a great compliment, either.)
should consider the idea of this adverb to understand employment "irregular" in the word 全然 Zenzen .
I read in a book MARUI Saïichi, the novelist who translated The Ulysses of James Joyce in Japanese and a defender of the old spelling, this acecdote fun. Misima [MISHIMA] and Yukio Ito [Itoh] Sei, the novelist who was charged with indecent assault for the translation of Lady Chatterley attended a symposium of the Japanese literature. An American has dealt with them in a cafe, and they started saying, "I will never admit your writing, because you use the word that is Zenzen not followed by denial! ".
全然 Zenzen is an adverb that should always be followed by denial (or trial négtatif) according to the grammar. It means" no "," no. "But, sorry for the American scholar Japanese literature, Soseki and Akutagawa even used Zenzen which is not followed by denial woe! In this job always considered at fault by most Japanese, the word carries a positive assessment. For example:

この 小説 は 全然 おもしろい よ. Kono syôsétu-wa [Shosetsu-wa] Zenzen omosiroï-yo [omoshiroï-yo] . This novel is very interesting. (Familiar )

The caller expects the negation この 小説 は 全然 おもしろくない Kono syôsétu-wa [Shosetsu-wa] Zenzen omosiroku-nai [omoshiroku-nai] (This novel is not any interest) due Zenzen he had heard, but the word does not appear Sinai at the end of the sentence, contrary to what he expected. (In this case, we can not use nakanaka because the wait is very short.) That's why this job is often familiar angry people. But some linguists "progressives" say so. Even in this familiar work, there is a reason for the denial. As for the word nakanaka the speaker imagined that this novel was not interesting. But nakanaka can only give a moderate ruling.この 小説 は なかなか おもしろい よ Kono syôsétu-wa [Shosetsu-wa] nakanaka omosiroï-yo [omoshiroï-yo] means "Unlike I imagined (or so they said), this novel is quite interesting. "The use of the word Zenzen means that this expectation was wrong betrayed a quite unexpected, until so much so that the speaker pronounces the phrase that strikes even the good sense to the listener who expects the trial because of negative word Zenzen . Under this assumption, the sentence この 小説 は 全然 おもしろい よ syôsétu Kono- wa [wa-Shosetsu] Zenzen omosiroï-yo [omoshiroï-yo] may be an abbreviation Freestyle This novel is completely de I thought it was interesting, very interesting I Kono syôsétu-wa [shôsétsu-wa] zenzen omosiroku-naï-ka-to [omoshiroku-naï-ka-to] omot- té-i-ta-no-ni, totémo omosiroï-yo [omoshiroï-yo] (J'imaginais que ce roman n'était pas du tout intéressant, mais il est très intéressant par contre).
Quant à la phrase at all OK Zenzen okkê (Tout à fait agree), she carries the nuance may be this: "You think maybe I do not agree, but surprise! I agree!".
Anyway, if you are French speaking Japanese, you're not supposed to imitate the bad example, deliberately provocative, which often annoys people. I understand this rather American who anathematized to Misima [Mishima] and Ito [Itoh] when such use was not as widespread. It is still grammatically incorrect, and derives its strength from the defect.

Tech Deck Cretor Game

nakanaka

A Once, a professor Romanian and Bulgarian, I can not remember, gave the course as a guest at the college of letters. He said he had heard that the opposition subject-object did not exist in Japanese, but was replaced by that of known-unknown. It was perhaps a response from me, but I did not know what to say.
Now I can say it is a mathematical theory of Akira MIKAMI, misunderstood by linguists and contemporary madness and death in poverty. His theory has not been adopted by the textbook, but many people now believe it was right to say that there was no "subject" (主语 syugo [shugo] ) in the Japanese language. The particle が shows the "subject case" (主格 syukaku [Shukaku] ) は and the "theme" (主题 syudaï [shud ]).
I will not talk about the very difficult problem of these particles this time, but those of termination. The particle-born ね is often translated as "do not you?", But some of you have probably already noticed that the Japanese often use " baby" to that little word matches "Is not it?". It would be better to consider this opposition known-unknown to understand the use of this particle.
Consider a simple example.

今日 青森 は 天気 が 悪い です ね. Aomori-kyo wa Tenki ga-warui-desu-born.

The bad weather in Aomori today, is not it?
I gave the translation "exemplary", but we do not really need to translate the particle. This "baby" implies that the information contained in the sentence is "known" of the speaker, but it does not necessarily need the acquiescence of the latter. There is a kind of "complicity" in relation to information. The Japanese sometimes say ねえ not by prolonging the vowel. This short sentence does not necessarily mean "Is not it?" But it serves to strengthen the tacit agreement.
If you meet someone in the street when it rains in Aomori, and you tell it 今日 青森 は 天気 が 悪い です ね without add-born, you might give him a strange feeling, because this statement will provide information "neutral". You'll almost always better to add the particle if you believe the other is already aware of the information contained in the sentence.
For cons, the sentence 今日 青森 は 天気 が 悪い です よ with -yo at the end is used in another situation.よ yo termination is the particle that has the grammatical function contrary to ね baby. It assumes that the speaker does not know the information given by the statement. So you can tell the phone but never to someone who is currently in Aomori. It is possible that the other is already arrived in Aomori with his laptop, or knows it rains in Aomori by the image of the webcam NTT Aomori. Mais c'est la conviction du locuteur qui compte. (A propos, on voit la pharmacie de mon cousin à la webcam de NTT Aomori; D)
Une autre particule de terminaison a -na est destiné au locuteur lui -même. La phrase today that bad weather Aomori est prononcée "comme si l'autre ne l'écoutait pas". La question that I see sô-ka-na est plus contestation que question en vérité, car elle dit "Je me demande si c'est ça ".
On connaît également la forme composée.

this movie I'm interesting. Kono eiga wa- omosiroï-yo-born [omoshiroï-yo-born] .

I said earlier that -yo is the opposite function to baby. But this sentence does not pose a real problem of interpretation. The speaker before him a person who does not know that this film is interesting. She has not seen, or she finds boring. The speaker said this sentence to another person who must know that this film is interesting. In fact, the individual has negative opinion may not be the place of conversation. Here too, what counts is the inside of the speaker: It assumes the existence of people who do not know this fact.

この 映画 は おもしろい よ な. Kono eiga-wa-na-yo omosiroï [omoshiroi-yo-na] .

In this case, the particle-na is felt as an element that closely resembles -born, but weaker. Because it requires less complicity, the use of よ な may be considered "masculine", that is to say for boys.
add that these are my personal observations.

Lorna Morgan In Beach

I Shiwasu (Shiwasu) shiwasu (décembre)

month of December is a month where you are bothered by folk etymology. Each year, we repeat the same ritual as the Japanese love. "Do you know why the month of December is called shiwasu ?" "No, I do not know." (But why? Are you all amnesic? It is said every year and never get bored!) "It is short because the teacher!"
You speak of the master, but what is it master? The pedant will tell you maybe it is the monk. At the end of the year, the monk must go to all danka ("parish") to give the reading of sutras. This means that we are all busy in December. It is already a folk etymology, but classic. Another will give you a "modern" version: "The teachers are all cushy, but even they are busy at the end of the year!" And we laugh all year. What is curious is that it is not known that these explanations are false.
It is true that this word is often written with two kanji 师 走, and these ideograms could give the meaning "master short. But language is primarily oral, and they gave him writing afterwards. What is the sound shiwasu mean then? The
hiragana for that word would be し は す until the mid 20th century. If we divide the word into two elements, that can give + し はす example. The kanji 师 走 probably correspond to the separation. Reading on'yomi of 师 is し (shi ), but nothing ensures that the character kun'yomi 走る, はしる ( hashi ru) can change はす ( hasu ). It's too unlikely.
If this division is correct, we may instead think that the element し (shi ) is l'infinitif (conjunctive form, ren'yô-kei ) du verbe you (faire, suru ), et lotus ( hasu ) vient de l'adjectif verbal (participle adjective, rentaï-kei ) de l'ancien verbe repellent (achever, hatsu ), qui a la même forme hatsu que l'indicatif (ou la "forme finie") (cadence, shûshi-kei ). with repellent and ( shi-hatsu-tsuki ) pourrait donc dire "le mois où on achève tout". C'est l'hypothèse la plus probable selon moi. (La forme moderne du verbe repellent [ hatsu ] is はてる [ hatéru ])
Other assumptions think し shi is the rest of 四季 shiki (four seasons) or 年 toshi (year). In these cases, the word means the month in which the four seasons come to an end or year end. In my opinion, we should always be wary when the Japanese speak of the four seasons.
Or the word may be an alteration of the adjective せ はし ( séwashi ) which means "busy, busy" (The modern form of the word is せわしい [ séwashii ]). There are several other proposals to explain the origin of this word rather obscure.
add that these alternative names of months are hardly used by modern Japanese. This is the trap that beginners often fall. Although words like "first month" "Month 2" you seem more bland than the names "poetic", they are virtually obsolete, and now almost forgotten except shiwasu , which supplies only the conversation of the halls Home medical offices to the holidays of the season.

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(limited, all over) zyû [jû] (dix)

It is known that the French still do not speak their language in a "correct". At least their pronunciation is not it the taste of the purists. For example, the vowel œ should be pronounced as e , if not followed by another vowel. Probably the word coelacanth, nobody pronounces lacanthe ceu-or tail- lacanthe , but we already hear fire-tus for fetus. If ecumenism still retains its authentic value, the winemakers themselves say -nologists had our days. Some find that the pronunciation e-winemaker is weird and wrong.

This phenomenon is also found in Japanese. The word 十 (じゅう) zyû [JU] (ten) is a typical example. If this word is followed by a "specific numeral" as 个 kb, the pronunciation "correct" should be じ っ こ zikko [Jikko] , but almost everyone pronounces じゅっ こ * * zyukko [* jukko ] to today. There are even parents who are outraged to learn that the teacher gives the pronunciation of "dialect" (or provincial) to their children to school. They claim it is logical that zyû [JU] + kb fact zyukko [jukko] but not zikko [Jikko] . They do not realize that, just before ten, the number nine, 九 (きゅう) kyû + kb fact きゅう こ Kyuko , but * never * き ゅっこ kyukko . This only laugh. So what they say is not as logical as they think ... So why zyû [JU] + kb should he do zikko [Jikko] while kyû + kb fact Kyuko ? He must know a little history of Japanese.

At the time when the Japanese greedily absorbed Chinese culture (to the 8th century to the era of the Tang Dynasty), the language of the Han people was a type of closed syllables than modern Mandarin has lost: those ending in k, p, t . The Japanese of the time were willing to imitate these syllables, but these sounds were gradually assimilated to the phonetic system of the Japanese language. (The name of the actor Chow Yun-Fat shows that the Cantonese Modern keep these syllables.)

The consonant t apparently resilient among these three. The inputs of Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary ( Nip-inch ) published in the early 17th century by missionaries are testimony to this fact. For example, the word 出没 (しゅつ ぼつ) (sudden), whose transcription is modernized Hepburn syutubotu [shutsubotsu] , is transcribed as xutbot in this dictionary. This means that the Portuguese had no intention of vowel after t final words (syllables) of Chinese origin. (Indeed, Ordinary Japanese are not aware that they do not necessarily pronounce vowels and i u like schwa.)

The pronunciation of Kanzi [kanji] 国 guo is for Mandarin modern, but it is supposed to have been almost kwok the Middle Ages. The Japanese added u at the end, which gives the result that reading on'yomi (こく, koku), to be faithful to the Chinese, has two syllables. These Chinese characters that on'yomi is two syllables are distinct from Terms consonant syllables whose terminal was k or t .

The kanji 一 (formerly iet ) has two on'yomi いち ( iti [ichi] ) and いつ ( itu [itsu] ). This is kan'on and this go'on ( see this article). The Japanese pre-8th century added the i rather than u preferred by those from the Nara era. It is very interesting that even the modern Japanese are following this tradition languishes. For the same English word strike was first given the transcript with ストライキ i at the end (strike) and then with ストライク u (for bowling). Also known インキ ( i) and インク ( u) that have no different meaning depending on the transcript ( ink, ink), but the first is always the oldest.

In contrast, the Japanese lost the consonant p over time. The ancient Chinese pronunciation of Kanzi [Kanji] 十 was about jip. The Japanese have transcribed the character as じ ふ (until the first half 20th century), as the series は ひ ふ へ ほ corresponded to sounds pa, pi, pu, pe, po the Middle Ages. The consonant p changed in f, h and then . Dictionary Nip-inch shows that pronounced the f instead of h modern early 16th (spring is Faru ), while the transcript Hepburn in the 19th century shows the temporary state whereふ only kept the pronunciation f (fu ). And the consonant h (or f) lost its phonetic value except at the beginning of the word.

I find it very curious that the Japanese follow many transcription Hepburn is not scientific nor logical. There are even Japanese who speak out to express ふ fu because Hepburn wanted it fu , while the sound is now already past hu , following the logical evolution of language. It's buffoonery. It also makes me laugh that the French who are learning Japanese quickly follow carefully the transcript made in the English , but it's personal ... Besides, I'm pretty well this "tradition" in this blog not to disturb readers. Even reading the Kanzi [kanji] 一, transcription "Japanese" and iti itu would be much more logical and understandable that ichi and itsu . This forced me disparity poses a big problem. I do not know why no Japanese linguist has ever thought seriously about literacy that respected etymology.

Thus, the word ten, which was じ ふ jip (u) initially turned into Jifu, Jihua and then jiu . But if the word was combined with another element as kb , じ ふこ give the pronunciation jip (u) ko . But the word jipko not pronounceable for Japanese a priori, so it gives Jikko but never jukko is possible in this sense. But frankly, I admit I'm wrong too often. (For Kanzi [kanji] 九 (nine), the character corresponding to the open syllable kiu, which did not cause any problems with adding kb.)

Go correct the Japanese Japanese, and consolidate the reputation of French antipathy! ,-P

Philip Chariol Bracelet Philippines

person (sama) sama

often found the description that says the Japanese word さま sama (or rather a suffix in this case) corresponds to the French words such as Mr., Mrs. and Miss. So how should we understand these expressions?

お疲れさま. (お つかれ さ ま) tsukaré-o-sama ( Tsukaré fatigue)
Cheers for hard work. (Our very deaf) go-kurô-sama ( kurô : peine)
my heart bleeds for you. (Our poison at every) o-kinodoku-sama ( kinodoku : pitié)

Ces phrases veulent dire respectivement (à peu près) "Vous devez être fatigué", "Merci d'avoir pris la peine (Merci de votre service) "," Je suis désolé pour vous ". Otsukarésama (" Vous devez être fatigué ") peut être used to say goodbye in some occasions. You can say gokurôsama factor or courier for example.
word (suffix) さん -san is an altered form and familiar sama and can substitute for sama san in these expressions. (Logically, we should transcribe Sat instead san, but nobody does, because the Japanese could not care less for the etymology for the transcription alphabet. Moreover, we can say the same for the reform of Writing after the Second World War. You should at least know the hiragana ん has several phonetic values: n, m, ng ... You can pronounce them almost interchangeably, and the Japanese always hear the same thing if the consonant is not followed by vowel.)
The Great Dictionary of the Japanese language of Shogakukan simply says that the use of the sama person's name shows respect, and examples o-name-sama or go -name-sama politeness. Me, I rather think that this suffix shows some affection towards the interlocutor. (The general rule is that we add the prefix o- before the word Japanese, and go- before word of Chinese origin, but there are exceptions.)
Blame the French commit very often is caused by the definition that says that this word sama (or san ) corresponds to "securities". My name is Fukui, but I can never say 私 は ふく いさん です (Watashi-wa Fukui-san desu-) because this suffix is for the caller. I can not show respect for myself. The word

sama, which is not used as a suffix, means properly "appearance, port". The expression As our ( sama-ni naru ) veut dire "avoir du style (passable)".

calligraphy has become upside Hayo Kimi easily. ( kimi-no shûji-wa nakanaka sama-ni nat-té-iru-yo )
Ta calligraphie est beaucoup meilleure que ce que j'imaginais (ou ce que tu disais)!

(L'adverbe nakanaka veut dire "contrairement à l'attente négative". Vous ne devez pas dire your food taste rather nice [Your kitchen is quite delicious] without context. If the speaker has already said he was not a good cook, you can tell.)
The word ざま zama is another form of sama which means the appearance, but his tone is bad .ざまあみろ zama miro
(is that the alteration of "zama miro-o?") Means "Look what you're
!", But you can translate "You got what you deserve!". This is not a dirty word
itself, but almost.何だ, その ざま は nan-da-wa sono zama! "What que c'est que cet état! "La traduction que je propose est" tu es vraiment pitoyable ".

various death shinizama signifie" façon de mourir ", mais la nuance est forcément mauvaise.

various Mishima's death was terrible. Mishima-no shinizama-wa hidoï mono-dat-ta.

La façon de mourir de Mishima était horrible.

Certains utilisent 生Kizama ikizama "manière de vivre" dans le sens positif, mais les puristes trouvent use this very annoying.

The suffix-chan ちゃん adds that the name is another form of altered sama much more familiar than -san. The job is delicate, so it's best that you abtsiniez to use it. There is even a teacher who was fired for using displaced -chan, considered the sexual harassment of female students. (It was not the only reason, but ...) It is not only used for girls and children, but we can say おじいちゃん ( ojiichan , grandpa) or おじ ちゃん ( ojichan , uncle) for example. You do not say it in principle, unless you know the person well. (It's pretty rare, but can meet ちゃ ま chama . Employment is now a joke more or less pejorative. For example, Prime Minister Taro Aso has called お 坊 ちゃ ま obottchama , bourgeois child who knows nothing of life. But how old is it ?...)
Perhaps the word about the old guard pronunciation, because it is assumed that the consonant was s ts the Middle Ages. You can hear the peasant's son to pronounce おとっつぁん ( otottsan ) to tell おとうさん ( Otosan ) only in the jidaïgéki (drama of the day, cape and sword in Japanese and with samurai detective series) .おと うちゃん ( otôchan , Dad) and おか あ ちゃん ( okâchan , mom) is still used by the Japanese ways. In any case, you probably will not have the opportunity to use these familiar names.

Another suffix that should be used only for boys くん -kun. The correct use is that you add -kun behalf of a boy who is not older than you. And besides, it's an appellation of camaraderie between the boys. But Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901), the Japanese thinker who defined modern Japanese and the founder of Keio University, began the general use of this suffix, also for girls. (The kanji for -kun 君 is, but personally, I always write with this suffix hiragana.)
Now we do not know how to use the word correctly. If we respected grammar well, a woman should not call a boy with -kun, but -san. But this rule is completely forgotten. The exception is probably the very middle-class girls who are not accustomed to call the boy's name with -kun. But if you're speaking girl who speaks Japanese, I think you can always call with Japanese boys -san, without imitating the modern Japanese. For
maiden name, there is practically that professors of Keio adding -kun instead of -san, but Parliament adopting the model Fukuzawa I do not know why. People who hate this fellowship at the Fukuzawa never use -kun. I know a few. The suffix

殿 (どの) -dono is used by the administration. Although the word should mean lord ( tono ) at first, many people find the administrative condescension. A lot of town halls and prefectures are now sama instead of -dono on paper and mail.

Tamil Poems For Films

to care (Hirakinaori) hirakinaori (avoir le front)

Hirakinaori is an attitude to fashion among the governors and chiefs of the army. I believe that fashion began with Shintaro Ishihara, the governor of Tokyo who stopped to learn French before to count up to eighty. It is an effrontery which does not recognize his fault. The Osaka Governor Hashimoto Toru is very good at making the hirakinaori . And the counterpart of Hyogo (whose capital is Kobe) Ido recently attended the group, saying that "it would be a chance for us, if there was a great earthquake in Tokyo." All three love to the hirakinaori that says "I do not see where is the harm in that I said! ". The head of the Air Force TAMOGAMI agreed with this trend with its hirakinaori deplorable ... He has the nerve to say that his revisionist essay is historically correct." Have front "is a possible translation of this word rather difficult to translate.
And apparently, people love these cheeky. I say" people "but who is it? These are people who love hirakinaori chauvinist, a kind of franchouillardise the Japanese. "I say what I think, I do what I do, where is the harm? Freedom of expression does not exist for the nationalists in Japan I am a scapegoat, blah blah blah ... "Obviously, we admire them. (This is not the nippouillardise because this attitude is not pseudo franchouillard very Japanese. Indeed, the word is not happy.)
We use this word hirakinaori normally in the wrong direction, but some use it with a positive tone for years: accepted as is. I Am What I Am! but one can not deny that this remains largely pejorative word.

ひらきなおる の は やめ なさい "Stop doing the hirakinaori . I can not find a good translation. I think the translation "Stop talking nonsense" is close enough the nuance of expression.

Dictionaries give the translation "suddenly taken a menacing attitude, go on the offensive" or "take a defiant attitude" in English, but the nuance of this word is not as strong. Hirakinaori is to respond to criticism carelessly "Ooki, ooki you AAAS reason. It was I who always wrong!" It's not really offensive.
The word is composed of two verbs and hiraki Naori . Hiraki ( Hiraku ), meaning "open" normally means in this case "deal". Naori ( naoru ) means "Cure" for example, but it means "change of attitude" here. So hirakinaori originally meant "to take the position that is directly opposite to someone". If the translation is found in dictionaries is not really wrong is that this attitude may suggest that the mouse can no longer flee the cat. It appears after a setback, a disadvantage to the person. Hirakinaori is very often a reaction to criticism. The losing team renewed the offensive at the last minute. This offense can be a hirakinaori , but it is not really far from despair. But I feel that sports journalists like to use that word in the right direction.

ひらきなおっ て やっ て ほしい です ね. "I wish they would play with hirakinaori ." I propose "as if it were their last match," but I think a better translation is possible.

Everyone laughs at the same joke, but you only say "But this is no joke!" with seriousness. Here you hirakinaori too. Saying things "direct" means that you do not understand the refinements. This is direct and frank hirakinaori was traditionally set by the Japanese aversion, but the "nationalist" love the show proudly hirakinaori , and their fans love them so. What a paradox!

NB Hirakinaori is ren'yôkei corresponding to the infinitive. The ren'yôkei the verb can be utililé often as a noun. Dictionary of former Japanese Susumu Ohno (Iwanami ed) selects ren'yôkei as the entry itself. Generally, it is shûshikei (finite form), which would be indication. Japanese dictionary is a bit like Latin and Greek. You should not assume that the form given by the Japanese dictionary as Hiraku and naoru is the infinitive.

Woman Used Tights As Garotte

- Con-kon

Each syllable of the Chinese language is a sense in principle, but the Chinese words are often composed of two syllables, that is to say two ideograms. The Japanese has borrowed many words from Chinese also has many words consisting of two ideograms that are frequently four syllables in modern Japanese.
Also, the Japanese love they abbreviate long words of four syllables, and it happens that some elements have an air of pseudo-units of Chinese origin which would make sense. But this is only an appearance, and one looks in vain for the common character.
For example, there are many new words that end in コン (ko-n , two "syllables" in Japanese). These Kanji 金, 根, 昆, 昏, 恨, 困, 混, 痕, 魂, 今, 恳, 垦, 坤 were all reading kon, so this phonetic element may well have the ears of the air a kanji that makes sense. The Japanese of the Meiji era have produced a lot of words with the ideograms by Chinese model (often re-imported by the Chinese for that matter), and they continue to make new words from the words of various origins (mostly English), and always following the Chinese model, even if they do have no conscious.
I give examples of words - コン.

マイコン mi cro com puter (already obsolete)
パソコン nal personal com puter
ファミコン family ly com puter (old video game from Nintendo)
スパコン Oedipus complex super com puter
mother com plex (fils à maman)
pedophile Loli ta com plex (pervers sexuellement attirés par les petites filles)
remote remo te con troler (télécommande)
Climate air con ditioner (climatiseur)
Tsuakon tour con ductor (compagnon de voyage)
contractors gene ral con structor (grand constructeur immobilier)
生 コン nama (gross) con crete (cement raw)
合コン gô dô (plain) com Company (festival of youth parties, girls and boys)

Phonetically, the last example gôkon really looks like a word of Chinese origin.
I do not think the Japanese language has coined a term specific to the category of neologisms of foreign origin, formed by the Chinese model.

PS I explain this funny little word that 合コン gôkon . Well keep the Japanese tradition of Confucius who said "Boys and girls do not eat at the same table at the age of seven years." Even in the class of higher education institutions, the class is often divided into two, although there is no obligation. At right is boys, and left it girls! (Or is upside down. I remember a lot of heads of French teachers who have discovered with astonishment.) So, so that boys and girls "meet", we must organize the party "United ". See

SUZUKI Takao (social linguist) 铃木 孝 夫 『日本語 と 外国 語』 ( Japanese and foreign languages ) (岩 波 新书)

How To Make A Castle For School Poroject

eat (Rinku) kuu (manger)

Some of you will probably say "But this is not 食べる (たべる) ( tabéru ), the Japanese verb which means to eat? " Exactly, but originally tabéru is a "word of Women" ( nyôbô -kotoba), once used by women at court, whose use was widespread thereafter (see previous story ). It is true that the word was kuu virtually supplanted by tabéru now at least in conversation "polite" but the verb used in the dining phrases and expressions is always kuu but never tabéru .
Moreover, it is a kind of "wisdom" widespread even among supposedly educated people, who considers kuu like a bad word or a vulgar word. Kuu is not as polished as speaking women at court. This does not mean that the word be unwise.
If you have the opportunity, ask a Japanese person if they think the word kuu is a vulgar word. I bet he would reply that yes with 80% probability. They also speak of some "bad luck" of the word kuu. He did nothing, but it is not as elegant as tabéru . An explanation if I deliberately imaged, you would understand that the inspiration of this word is to receive the manna of God: the verb shows an action below someone gets something from someone there above. Simply kuu had no chance to be as sublime. And yet I am compelled to advise you exclusive use of tabéru because kuu may offend some people, even if it is not his fault.

By cons, you should not forget that idioms can not be modified as you want. Indeed, some of my compatriots feel free to alter, because kuu is a bad word! But you do not follow these bad examples, caricatures of political correctness. This provides only hilarious effects from honest people.
For example, there is a saying "friendship since the days when we ate rice in the same pot" 同じ 釜 の 飯 を 食った 仲 (おなじ かま の めし を くった なか) ( Onaji kama-no mesh-o-kut ta naka ). Probably military in origin, it is used only for behaviors that boys spent youth (adolescent and post-adolescent) together. As you can modify four hundred rounds in four hundred fifty strokes or four thousand shots, you should not touch the expression even if you are vulgar words and meshi kuu. It is absurd to replace kuu the word women tabéru , because this term is reserved for boys. But unfortunately, we sometimes see that some reporters grow at the end politically correct sensitivity. Years ago, former Prime Minister Takeshita talked a colleague using this expression. The TV image has passed. But the next day, newspapers have corrected the verb kuu in tabéru ... This only people laugh.
I give other examples of compound words and phrases with the verb kuu for your curiosity. (I think the verb tabéru enters any phrase, however.)

食いしん坊 (くい しんぼう) ( kuïshinbô ) Gourmand.

食Wazugirai (Girai Kuwazu) ( kuwa-zu-giraï ) Kuwazu (négation de kuu ) + hate ( kiraï ) Détester une chose sans l'avoir mangée. Figurément: Avertion naturelle, fondée sur les préjugés (généralement frivoles et peu graves). SF is 食Wazugirai. "Je n'aime pas la science fiction, bien que je n'en aie jamais lu."

loiter (a Miti Saku くう) ( Michikusa-o kuu ) Literally eating grass on the road. Do not go directly home (often after school). (The inspiration may be the same as truancy, if the meaning is somewhat different.) Drag unnecessarily. Make a detour without much need for (straying into an argument).

食う や 食わず (くう や くわず) ( kuu-zu-ya Kuwa ) Literally: To eat or not eat. Be in poverty. Get to the point where we no longer find anything to eat.

食いもの の うらみ (くい ものの Grudge) ( kuïmono-no urami ) Ressentiment pour une bouffe. Je ne sais d'où vient cette expression proverbiale. On dit souvent a grudge is scary predatory (peg suffers what is frightening) ( kuïmono-no urami-wa kowaï ), qui dit "Le ressentiment pour la bouffe porte une grave conséquence". "La personne que tu n'as pas bien nourrie se vengera sur toi un jour." On le dit plaisammant quand on distribue les portions d'un plat ou d'un dessert, en insistant sur l'égalité, par exemple.

食Wanai quarrels are dogs (like the Fu fight いぬ も くわない) ( Fufu-Genk-wa inu-mo Kuwana) Proverb. Literal translation: Even the dog does not eat the hassle of household (gender). "Hey lovers, nobody cares what happens between you." ( Fûfugenka = fufu + Kenka )

I must say now we hear less often 食いもの の うらみ ( kuïmono Urami -no) that 食べもの の うらみ ( tabémono Urami -no). This is probably because it is register an expression of childish. Mom does not like to hear her child say kuu. In the same logic, 食わずぎらい (Kuwa-zu giraï ) is increasingly threatened by 食べずぎらい ( Tabé-zu giraï ). Mum said "You have to eat everything!" For other expressions, substituting 食べる is ridiculous. (It happens that some say bourgeois 道草 を 食べる ( Michikusa tabéru -o), but it is bizarre and laughable. But as it is an expression on the kids, it is possible that this spread use in the future.)

(I refer to tests TAKASHIMA Toshio, academic specialist in Chinese literature.)

Toshiba Satellite A200-10x

money (our money) okané (Argent)

The operation of the prefix o- in Japanese is often poorly explained. They say it adds to the word respect. Indeed, this is not fake, but this is only the first use. How can we understand お 尻 ( Oshiri ) then? The word means buttocks. The Japanese do they respect the buttocks? Perhaps, but this is not the case. This prefix o- is used in this case to soften the dry character, even vulgar, the word. The job comes from the custom of women in the imperial court at the origin (女房 ことば, nyôbô -kotoba).女 房 (に ょうぼう) ことば (the words of women) is now used by everyone regardless of gender. We can probably say that this prefix exorcise the bad side of the word. (The prefix is not "productive" for this purpose. You can not invent new combinations, while you can add o- loosely when it comes to compliance.)
o The front- the word money okan (お金) must be understood in that sense. It is true that the Japanese contemporary commercialism is exaggerated, but it's fair to say that the Japanese add this suffix to show their deep respect for money. We must rather believe that the money was a dirty character in Japanese imagery.
However, the use of this word okan can not be universal. One feels vaguely that comes from the suffix-kotoba nyôbô . Is not it a little inappropriate to use a word when talking about women seriously economics? Yet the word Kané without o- now felt too dry and rough for the Japanese completely accustomed to the words of women.
Therefore, they resorted to their usual trick. We borrow the word of English! Thus, one hears the word virtually money (マネー), when TV and radio talk about the international economy. In other cases, we use words of Chinese origin which mean "money" or "capital" to the context. Japanese students may conduct investigations on the question: How do people "serious" avoid using the word okan when they talk about the economy?

What Happens If Your Belly Rumbles

Image image

The use of katakana poses many problems for people who want to learn Japanese. My readers already know without doubt that these characters are used in Japanese to write words of foreign origin in a more or less arbitrary. I speak of one problem today, the words that should be logically identical, but whose meanings, or rather the jobs will vary curiously Japanese.
I quote the word "image" as an example. I am not concerned for the moment the intellectual laziness of the first Japanese who did not bother to translate it into Japanese. He has transcribed phonetically in English as a word that meant the psychological picture. The word in katakana is イメージ ( i-me-ji ) in this case. But curiously, very unfortunately, some Japanese Francophiles have started using another word イマージュ ( i-ma-ju ), when they were writing about French poetry. But what is the semantic difference between these two words, and イメージ イマージュ? We can say that it is only used in the arts, poetry and cinema In particular, while this one is intended for general use. In a word, the word is a word イマージュ scholar, who is underused by people who did not graduate studies at the college of letters. Therefore, the difference between these two words is less than social semantics.
I give another example of a different register: coconut. As the commodity, the result is called ココ椰子 (ここやし) koko-Yasha . The word Yashi is the overall name for the group of palms. But if the fruit is used for the use industrial, it is called ココナツ (ko-ko -na-tsu ), came the English word coconuts. Thus, ココナツ オイル ( ko-ko-tsu-na-ru-oi ) Is coconut oil. Since the 80s, the Japanese began to use another word ナタデココ ( na-ta-ko-ko-de ), of English origin ( nata de coco), when there is a food ingredient . It seems that the Japanese use this word for the soft material in the nuts. She was called before with the same name " coconuts" but this is the campaign that wanted a different name for the same material, which promulgated the English name that was to be chic for a new dessert, while the word "coconut" was already looking a little nerdy.
For coffee, it's a little similar. The image of the French was once fashionable, but the name カフェオレ ( ka-fe-o-re ) quickly became commonplace. That is why there are a lot of institutions offering the drink カフェラテ ( ka-ra-fe-ty ) since the 80s. The word comes from Italian (caffè latte ). Well sure they do not say it was the same as the coffee カフェオレ with a different name. It would have been bad publicity. They said by cons: No, this is not the same thing, a new product to fashion, caffe latte is coffee with milk in Italian! But in truth, there is not any difference between these two things, what they claim. Nevertheless, there are always people who ask the question in vain, because no one has ever been clear on this subject. The existence of people who do not " coconuts" and " nata de coco "not surprised at all because the snobs affirm their difference based on nothing. They are different simply because the difference is inexplicable.
Thus the words in katakana are often marked by the snobbery of more empty and futile.

Samaire Armstrong Fake Cubalibre

leg (foot) ashi (pied)

can not be overemphasized that the meeting with former Japanese Chinese civilization was not necessarily happy, at least for the Japanese language. Just as the method for manufacturing sweet wine such as sherry, mixing of two cultures with two very different levels completely stopped the fermentation. This meeting has made possible the evolution of Japanese, when he was not yet well developed.
For example, the Japanese language has one word for the lower limbs: ashi (あし). The word means or foot or leg. The vocabulary was not yet diversified when Japan saw China, whose civilization was a thousand times more advanced. The Chinese had two ideograms that signify respectively the foot (足) and leg (脚). The Japanese do not have their own writing system should be just bring these two characters with the same Japanese word ashi .
Now the Japanese are living a strange reversal. We almost forgot that there was only one word for the lower limbs initially, but believes rather than what are homonyms that are spelled differently, with the two ideograms, which prevents the romanization or removing kanji for "modernizing" the Japanese language. While admitting that there is no "if" in history, I imagine if the ancient Japanese had not met the Chinese civilization two thousand years ago, they could invent a Another word for leg ...
The example of this word is not an isolated exception. The Japanese distinguish very often called homonyms with different ideograms, which have nothing to do with the inner logic of their own language. I can say that the verb raises many problems for non-Japanese who want to learn this language. For example, the word Kaesu can be written at least two ways: 返す and 帰す. The first means "surrender, surrender", and the second "return (sb) (not in the sense of" fire "). And quite often, the distinction is more or less arbitrary. Both representing meanings of the verb kiku are "hearing (or request)" and "listen", and teachers tell students to write the first 聞く, and the second 聴く. But we must say that even the best writers do not always respect this rule at school, but not grammar.
Nouns do not pose fewer problems. The example of the word kawa on the envelope of the body is not difficult to understand: 皮 is skin and leather 革 (in principle!) The use of another word kawa means or river is more delicate.川 is a river relatively less important, and is wider than 河 川 (in principle!). But we use only the kanji 川 for administrative and geographic name. Both kawa (skin and river) are homonyms, but the division between the skin and leather for the first, is not a real disambiguation.
But what words like machi (town)? There are at least two kanji for this word: 町 and 街. We can say that the use of the second is more subjective than the first.街 is considered in a city the size of its activities, while 町 is probably more static ... We can write 町 all the time in general, but using 街 to emphasize the urban side. I must say that the distinction is arbitrary.
What bothers me most is people "educated" who want to impose the proper use of Chinese characters. They do not know, or want to ignore a persistent incomprehensible that the use of kanji for words of Japanese is not really essential for the Japanese language. (I do not speak here words of Chinese origin who are very numerous in our language. There is good reason to write with Chinese characters.)

Kirkland Signatures Belgian Chocolate Cups

domestic diva (Yufu scholarly Kari) charisma-shufu (femme au foyer charismatique)

This time, I will discuss a buzzword very stupid: Shufu charismatic, charismatic housewife. You probably say "But that's contradictory!" Not so much for the Japanese.
First, you should know that the etymology does not exist in Japan as a field of linguistics. Looking in vain for an etymological dictionary of Japanese in the bookstore. So almost no one in the head the idea to get the original word. The neologism, often assumed to be of foreign origin, is seen as one pleases. For the word
charisma as well, not even sentence to say that the Japanese could not care less about her Greek origin. They know the meaning, but they retain only vague admiration for a personality. But what matters is its phonetic character. The word is transcribed with four katakana カリスマ ( ka-ri-su-ma ), which is very happy in the Japanese language that loves to abbreviations in four syllables. This word sounds like the short form of expression made all kari-no sumai (temporary). The word that begins with the element kari carries the meaning of "temporary secondary." So, this word of Greek origin charisma is often added to the duties and occupations that are not primary, as it seems. For example, I saw on TV a "spotter charismatic" dry cleaning. Charisma in Japan is anything but charismatic. Quite the opposite. Very often, a person "charismatic" is a friendly neighbor in Japan.
But what does it, the charismatic housewife? Well, she knows lots of tricks! Cleaning, cooking, knitting ... The combination is very happy, because the word つま (妻) ( tsuma ) means the wife. For the word- karisuma Shufu, the transition between suma and Shufu (housewife) is done without any difficulty, although it is a compound word of two disparate elements, theoretically speaking. By cons, a charismatic sumo, a go player charismatic, a charismatic karate does not exist. A charismatic politician? Are you kidding ... People "charismatic" must be like the others!
There are quite a few Japanese words of foreign origin, allegedly. But it is the feeling that prevails over the meaning, so the Japanese are feeling. For example, we say that the French word "little" is very successful as a kind of prefix Japanese. The word is プチ ( could chi), and it seems that some seriously believe that the word comes from the French. But I have no doubt about it: This word is a Japanese onomatopoeia well. The children call the bubble wrap プチプチ ( puchipuchi ). The Japanese think of something small and heard the sound " Putchi " but it is never his " peti" in French. Inevitably, a Japanese who heard the French say "small, small ..." introduced the word in Japanese by saying that it is a French word, thinking the bubble wrap. So, do not say not the Japanese that the feminine of the adjective "little" is "small". It does not look at them when they say it is a French word. Do not disabuse our feeling!

Random Funny Spanish Words

person (persons) hito (homme)

Hito is a word most rudimentary Japanese language, but it is a very complex word. I give the definitions of the Great Dictionary Shogakukan . This is not a neutral word antonym of the word woman.

1. It means first human species, Homo sapiens . It can also be used for aliens who have roughly the same size and same capacity than men.
2. Man lives in society. Man as the subject of thought, behavior and being. Person or group of persons. Men in general. People, even the secular world. People. Complete man, adult. Proper person to achieve a goal. Conditions for being a man. Character, dignity, social status. Compared to the other man involved. Others. Entourage concerned. Legal person.

I omit employment as a pronoun. The sense that the question in the letter is "other." Otherness is not a distinct concept in the minds of Japanese. There are other words that clearly tell the other man as tannin (他人) for example, but the word Chinese is only used to highlight the little trade with the person. In most cases, the Japanese prefer to use the ambiguous word hito to refer others.
I cite an example that raises a semantic problem.

ひと の 言う こと は 聞き なさい. Hito-no iu koto-wa kikinasaï

translation theory is "Listen to what the person tells you." But who is this person? In most cases the person is the speaker. So the meaning of the phrase is "Hear what I say." But it has a shade more or less imposing: "This is the voice of reason." That's because the word hito is not just "me", that is to say the other person in relation to the interlocutor, but both "other". The distinction between "me" and "Others" is ambiguous, deliberately or unconsciously.
Moreover, the popular explanation, or even wrong, that the Japanese often give as the origin of kanji is significant. The Chinese character 人 shows a man standing. This is the true origin, and I see no reason to complicate it further. But the Japanese prefer believe that this Kanji is made of two people, represented by two features that rely on each other. And they draw the moral: "You can not live alone." This is probably because they must always find several people in the word hito , which nevertheless think of words hitori (a person) and hitotsu (one piece). (We do not know if these words have the same etymon. This is only a hypothesis. Many scholars in the Middle Ages attempted etymological explanation claiming that the human race was what is unique ( hitotsu) under heaven, but I do not find convincing.)

Commercial Real Estate Agent Commision Lease

Iki (breath) iki (souffle )

The meeting with Chinese writing was unfortunate for the Japanese language that did not even belong to the family of Sino-Tibetan languages, but the Japanese had virtually no choice, because of the lack of other civilizations that had a writing system in the neighborhood. Chinese characters are a system that suits only the Chinese language. The potential evidence is that other nations, Korean or Vietnamese, have rejected these ideograms in the long run to adopt the analytical letters. Some linguists say that Japanese are only people who have managed to "tame" the Chinese characters. Their peculiarity is that they have used these Kanji both phonetically and semantically.
In Japanese, there are two kinds of pronunciations of Chinese characters: on'yomi and kun'yomi . The first pronunciation is theoretically true that Chinese Middle Ages (about the eighth century), and the second "translation" of the character in Japanese. It is observed that the element " yomi" means reading, not the pronunciation, which can perhaps conclude that the characters Chinese still something to read, which is always alien to the Japanese language. For on'yomi (phonetic reading), a kanji door than two syllables in Japanese, but there may be up to five syllables for kun'yomi (semantic reading) of a single sign . a kanji can have two on'yomi depending on the time of import (rarely three, very rarely four), but the number is theoretically unlimited for kun'yomi . (See Note)
In the modern Chinese language, a character represents a syllable that ends or the vowel, or a limited number of consonants: n, ng, r. But she had other syllables in the Middle Ages, which ended with the consonants: k, t, p . The on'yomi Japanese Kanji that eventually the k or t is currently two syllables, because the Japanese did not theoretically closed syllables added a vowel after the consonant. (For the p, otherwise it is a complicated matter, that I omit to mention here.)
You probably say that the Japanese language has syllables with n . But we can say that this consonant is a syllable independent except for Japanese (or a time, for those who think the term is abused syllable here). The curious syllable ん (n ) was invented to imitate the pronunciation of Chinese. If you find that the Japanese pronounce the consonants n, ng, m or nasal vowels in a strange way to your ears is that these nasal sounds have never been appropriated by the Japanese who have never constantly confused.
Reading on'yomi of kanji is 息 soku . This means that the original pronunciation was about sok the Middle Ages. But on'yomi a kanji does almost nothing to say in Japanese, except for signs which were a foreign concept to the Japanese language (for example, the reading of on'yomi 爱 is ai , love, which means that the abstract notion of love did not exist in Japan before it knows the Chinese civilization). It is generally caracère Chinese on'yomi alongside another kanji to on'yomi . For example, the word 休息 ( kyûsoku ) does the rest, which both the characters are on'yomi . A kanji on'yomi door to a stable meaning only accompanied by another kanji. A calls another kanji kanji for stability as ionized atoms. This linguistic phenomenon finds its origin in the Chinese language, most of whose words are two signs or two syllables for the Chinese, who are quite often four syllables in Japanese. Words on two (or three) at Kanji on'yomi are words of Chinese or Japanese words that were invented by the Chinese model. The
kun'yomi of this kanji is 息 iki, meaning breath. One of the major problems of writing the Japanese language is that kun'yomi , the translation of the ideogram, blurred eyes at the origin of words. The Japanese word for "living" is 生きる Ikiru (the title of the film by Kurosawa), which has the same origin as the breath iki. If we write these words in Latin letters, there was no difficulty in recognizing, but this is not the case for ordinary Japanese, who learn the words with ideograms. The son is
息 子 ( musuko ) and daughter 娘 ( musume ), whose reading of kun'yomi are the two words. The non-Japanese who learn Japanese easily recognize the common element musu ("birth [to life]" in ancient Japanese), but the Japanese are not at all aware of what these two words have the same etymon, especially since one is two signs and the other one.

NB It manufactures new kun'yomi daily, and the situation is now disastrous. The names of new-born is truly illegible. Unfortunately, there is no way to decipher the code of these young parents (who often had difficulties in schools is their image at least), so it must go ask them how they should read the name of their beloved child. (This is their revenge in my opinion, because they had the wrong notes in Japanese.) This is in part the fault of advertisers who will not stop destroying the Japanese. For example, if the slogan like "I • 爱 YOU", the kun'yomi Kanji of course, is "LOVE". It does not surprise me that there are girls who are so called: 爱 (Love ).

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Zoutouhin (gift) zôtôhin (cadeaux)

The gifts do not pleased the Japanese. You like them? Yes? Better, but the ordinary Japanese do not like them. But at all. The word
zôtôhin (赠答 品) is quite difficult to translate into French.赠 the first character means "a gift", the second 答 "reply", and last 品 "article". So that means gift items and answers. There is always a large radius of zôtôhin in department stores. This storm is the second Japanese Kanji : reply.
For what should one respond to a gift? For a gift. But what kind Gift? A Gift for the same price! So if you get someone a package of 2,000 yen Belgian chocolate, you need to make an assortment of cakes in the same price. Then, the gift giver leaves he gently on the package price in Japan? But no! it would be too rude! We need to research the price alone. But can I make him Belgian chocolate, because I know he loves? But no! it was he who gave you the chocolate, then you must necessarily choose something else! It happens with friends and family (brother, neighbors ...).
There is another code for gifts "seasons". In summer, people give gifts that are called ochûgen (お 中元) persons to whom they should for any reason to show them thanks. And in December, we give the gift oseibo (お 歳暮) in the other direction. It is quite possible that a clerk shall give a small gift to his boss as a ochûgen , and that it meets its a Louis Vuitton bag at the end of the year (it is not counterfeit, but the Japanese have officially forgotten u). Heaven, she must give him a gift as much next summer? Do not panic, the Japanese spend Christmas Eve in the towel, the counter is reset. Phew! (You can still see a strong resemblance to the primitive society of the Pacific Ocean studied by the anthropologist Marcel Mauss.)
Thus, gifts do not they like the Japanese. All gifts are a priori poisoned. As there was no concept of gifts to the West before, it generally uses the original English word "present" for the gifts that Westerners understand. So who do we give the "present"? Children by example. There are even Christmas gifts for them, but Japanese do not need to regret the spirit of Christmas, because Christmas was a pure marketing campaign from the beginning. Once adult, it's over, the presents! We must begin to read ulterior motives. It's sad, but true. A Japanese proverb says "Nothing is more expensive than free." Free always hides a nasty surprise in Japan. I add that gifts "collective" are the way to avoid trouble. If you want to give a gift "free" to someone, you buy it with someone else.
If you are resident in Japan, you have options. You can stay a stranger. You give gifts to the Japanese as you want. Do not worry, they will be glad, because you do that reside in Japan. The Japanese do not think you stand with a relationship like that they have with their compatriots. If you want to integrate well into Japanese society, you must be careful that you do. We must never forget to meet the gifts you've received, and not pass it on to someone who could understand you wrong. It is quite possible that your gift spoils the relationship. (He might reason "The gift that looks good may be a way to cut ties with me because I could not give him much.")
This is not just for gifts. For example, suppose you have kept the child of your neighbor during the day. He wants to pay you and you refuse. The neighbor may think you do not accept the money because you no longer want this service. When you move the money, you must reject it once and then accept it right away.
In any case, there are many Japanese who find these codes absurd. Like me.

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not fooling Yamato (Japanese spirit) yamatodamashii (âme japonaise)

The word yamatodamashii (やまと だまし い 大和魂) is one of the most problematic word of Japanese civilization. It is a word composed of two elements: Yamato (大 和) is the ancient name of Japan, and tamashii (魂) (t the soundtrack is in of the sequence) means the soul. This is the key concept of "national studies (philology kokugaku ) of the 18th century, inaugurated by Kamo-no Mabuchi 贺 茂 真 渊 (1697-1769), which determined the modern nationalism. Do not forget that Japan, whose origin dates back to prehistoric times has been reinvented at this time. The Japanese soul
yamatodamashii was also reinterpreted by the learned Motoori Norinaga 本 居 宣 长 (1730-1801), but the word had a meaning significantly different from the modern sense. I will first give the old sense, before explaining the current meaning. The notion of
yamatodamashii was the opposite of karazaé (汉 才) or simply zae, Chinese mind ( Kara means China and zae mind). The Japanese who were aware that their civilization was very young compared to the Chinese had a large complex to them. Zae was considered the poetic corpus of knowledge and science. But the Japanese Middle Ages wanted to believe they the Chinese were better for their ability to execute. They believed that their continental neighbors had to know, but they did not know well to exercise. So the yamatodamashii meant the practical ability of the Japanese away from the formal knowledge of Chinese.
But the scholars of "national studies" of the 18th century were not happy with their compatriots who were still in love with Chinese culture even a hundred years after the border closure. They wanted to find the origin of the Japanese before the meeting with the Chinese, and they have rediscovered the Japanese myth, which became a reality historic mid-19th century. This false story has been denied by Japan after the Second World War, but some still believe. For these scholars
philological, the yamatodamashii has changed a little sense. Its antonym is now rather karagokoro , heart Chinese ( kokoro means heart). The karagokoro love is the heart of Chinese civilization. Philologists criticized those people who kept to imitate the Chinese. The yamatodamashii no longer understood as the practical ability, but magokoro (the real heart, that is to say, the sincerity), Unknown explained by the scientific spirit zae.
There is another word wakonkansaï (和 魂 汉 才), which is the composite form of these two words. This word meant at first the need of the ability of Judgement ( yamatodamashii ) that accompanies the studies ( zae). He also changed direction after the 18th century. It will clean the soul before the Japanese largely unexplained. This is the actual meaning of the word. It is the Japanese soul, but it is inexplicable.
Since the Meiji period that begins with the enthronement of Emperor unlikely, the Japanese made another word like wakonkansaï . This new word wakon'yôsaï (和 魂 洋 才) means "the Japanese soul" with "Western knowledge". We have completely forgotten the other wakonkansaï now. Western knowledge inevitably lacks depth because it can be explained, but the Japanese soul is sublime because nobody knows what it is!
Thus, philologists of the 18th century discovered the essence of the Japanese nation as "something inexplicable." If the Japanese well-behaved shamelessly say often enough "is Japanese, it's inexplicable," Mabuchi is to blame, blame it on Norinaga.
I do not necessarily believe that these scholars have only hurt the history of modern Japan, but their yamatodamashii reinvented is the scandal of Japanese thought. After the very scholarly and thorough study for several decades, they came to the conclusion: what is Japanese is inexplicable. And the Japanese nationalists may remain on this conclusion without their being any troubled conscience.

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know wakaru (comprendre)

Japanese grammar is often poorly explained. There are several reasons for that. First, at the time of comparative linguistics flourished, Japanese was not a known language. And then, the Japanese "national language" ( Kokugo ) for Japanese Studies and the middle of this language is fairly closed. (We learn the national language schools, not Japanese. Thus, the comparative perspective can not be fed.) And finally, linguists Kokugo have the tendency to prefer the semantics to morphology.
It is often said that the Japanese verb wakaru means "understand", but that is not correct, because the Japanese word is an intransitive verb. There is another verb is transitive rikaïsuru , but this word is a hybrid compound of an element of Chinese rikaï (understanding) and suru (do). There are no words "people" who are of Japanese origin and meaning for transitive. (For the French etymology, popular words are words that existed before the renaissance that has taken over the learned words of Latin and Greek. The words of Chinese origin are the words "wise" for the Japanese.) The intransitive verb wakaru is difficult to translate into French.
If you say "Watashi-wa nihongo-ga wakarimasu " (私 は 日本語 が わかります) significatoin of the sentence is "I understand the Japanese" (the negation is Wakarimasen わかりません), but this is not a translation "grammar". Watashi wa- is the theme, and nihongo-ga is the case subject. Translation in the letter of the sentence should be about "For me, the Japanese understand (or is included). But understand the word does not reflect the true shade of this verb.
Wakaru is a word that has the same etymon as wakaréru , intransitive verb meaning "separate" exit "(this one too is an intransitive bringing a sense transitive for the French), wakéru , transitive verb "deliver", "share". Thus the verb wakaru shows just the opposite idea of the word understand. Inspiration is more anatomical, if I may say so. If the French take up the subject to understand, the Japanese cut it for that. Wakaru signifies a state where the thing is exposed as a specimen of well-carved and detailed anatomy.
If you know Japanese, it can happen to surprise you to find that they sometimes have great information, but almost trivial, and they do not know practice of reasoning logic. This is because understanding does not require global knowledge and alive for them, but it is replaced by a collection of detailed information and butchered in a sense dead, no organic link. I think that's why the knowledge of Japanese do not talk to others. This is aptly demonstrated by the people called otaku . They collect what they like, but their collection is bugger all in the eyes of others.
In fact, the word Chinese rikaï (understanding) has the same origin "separate" and "cut". But the Japanese are convinced (rightly) that the Chinese are more "Logical" than them. I will discuss this topic next time.

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take one (talk) hanasu parler

What I think is really extravagant in the history of the second half of the 19th century is that the Great Empire of Japan has almost managed to believe his false ideological history to Westerners: Japan has been the dawn of time. In reality, Japan is a newcomer compared to China and even Korea. At the time of the meeting of the Japanese with the Chinese culture of about two thousand years ago, Japanese civilization without letters were just emerging. The Japanese language did not varied vocabulary, and it was a fairly simple language. The knowledge of China was fatal for Japanese. It has completely stopped its own development, as there were more appropriate, since the loan of the Chinese language course outweighed the creation of new Japanese words now. Thus, the elementary words remain undifferentiated, private power developments. The
telling example is the word hanasu , verb meaning "talk" (the form shown in the dictionary is indicative, like Latin and Greek). Phonetically, the word in three syllables also means "let go" and "remove". But the Japanese are generally largely unaware of this disambiguation, because they use the respective Chinese characters that determine the specific meaning of the word. Originally, the word hanasu showed an ambiguous concept which meant the action of removing something, but the borrowing of Chinese characters has made possible the specification of meaning. To speak the word, the Japanese 話す write, but they use different kanji for "letting go" and "remove" and 放す 離す. One could say that the Japanese are not fond of discussion, they do not want to release their property.
Moreover, another word for verbal communication has a negative meaning, which the Japanese are not necessarily aware for the same reason. The verb Kataru means "tell" when it is written 語る (言 the left shows that this character belongs to the class on the floor). But if you use another character 騙る, it means "swindle". I tend to believe that the Japanese are or have found ways more or less evil in the word. (In French, the spoken word has the same origin as the devil.)
can find this element in the Kataru monogatari word which means to about "things told." There are many monogatari in medieval literature: Ise monogatari, Genji monogatari, Heike monogatari . The first story in the history of Japanese literature is headed Taketori monotagari , which speaks of the moon princess Kaguya.

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Bijutsukan (museum) bijutsukan

There are two kinds of museums in Japan. One is bijutsukan and other Hakubutsukan . If it's written in Chinese characters, the word gives bijutsukan 美术馆. The word Bijutsu (美术) means Fine Arts, and the character kan (馆) away. So the word means bijutsukan literally the Hotel des Beaux Arts. (You must be careful: If the item kan means the hotel is only when it is part of a compound word. There is no Japanese word kan who wants to say the hotel.)

is the bijutsukan my "Prefecture" Aomori.

The exhibition of the great Napoleon is scheduled for August.

In contrast, Hakubutsukan word is applied to all other museums whose main interest is not necessarily the Fine Arts. Thus, the Louvre is there a bijutsukan and the British Museum a Hakubutsukan . The criterion is rather vague, and we choose one of two words somewhat arbitrarily, I think he said. The word
hakubutsu is ambiguous, meaning both the natural history and exposure. A museum is a Hakubutsukan , but large public buildings that put rare objects are all Hakubutsukan .
This word is written in kanji like this: 博物馆. The last character is always kan hotel. If the second Kanji means simply "things" is the first character that causes the ambiguity. It means "spread", so it is an active sense, is a hotel to "spread things," but if it is passive, the institution manages "things common" or universal things that are subject to the natural sciences.
The word for the Fine Arts Bijutsu (美术) is composed of two characters which mean respectively "beauty" and "technical arts". In Japan, beauty is bi . The people of Tokyo tend to pronounce bijitsukan instead of bijutsukan . Thus the pronunciation of Tokyoites is not necessarily correct, even if the Japanese standard was coined more or less artificially modeled on the Japanese in the Tokyo area.

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Somen (noodles) sômen

The somen is a Japanese noodle that can be served hot or cold or in principle, but rather it is considered a summer dish. The noodle is made of wheat flour and the dough is very thin, especially white.

The soba is buckwheat noodles though. The zarusoba is particularly popular in summer. The word means zaru the trash, which suggests that the dish was previously served on this vessel. Now, it is presented on a sort of hurdle of cane or bamboo (sometimes plastic ...), often accompanied by dried seaweed nori . We can still meet the zarusoba served on zaru .
The soba, if served hot, is consumed throughout the year, unlike the somen whose image is linked to summer. Some popular restaurants called Sobaya , which are generally not specialized in these noodles. The designation means that the food is very popular with the Japanese. In my opinion, we eat more often at home somen, soba that we consume in restaurants.
The kanji used to write the word somen are misleading. It is composed of two Chinese characters 素 (single) and 麺 (noodle). But the first kanji is a phonetic borrowing, which does not retain its own meaning. Originally, this word should be written as 索 麺. The character that replaces 素 means "rope". The meaning of this word is not the simple noodles, but the hand-pulled noodles (as if the ropes were manufactured). Maybe it has selected the kanji meaning "simple" for a touch of freshness.
Reading the word should be 索 麺 sakumen , altered saümen (さ うめん) by the falling of the vowel u after k, and the transformation of the consonant vowel k passing by PA g in : sakumen, sakmen *, * sagmen, saümen . And saümen exchange somen (そう めん). We had to choose another kanji at this point. The caret means that the vowel has a long double. pronounced na-o-me-n . The other noodle
favorite Japanese ramen (ラーメン) is a Chinese dish Japanized. Previously, the word shinasoba (しなそ ば) soba of China, was used for the ramen , but we hear less and less frequently as some people think the word Shina (China) is not politically correct to Japan after the Second World War. In my opinion, if this word Shina can be felt as a word racist against the Chinese in Japan, it's pretty ridiculous to ban this element of compound words. (In Japanese, ch is pronounced as tch the Czech word. c. The French more like the Japanese sh Hepburn in the transcript that conventionally adopted for writing Japanese in Roman letters. )
There are people who say the shinasoba is not the same as ramen , claiming that the soup is done differently. I can give judgments on that.