Jcpenney Beaufort Sc Salon

A concentration of 20th century architecture

Another getaway? Oxford? Cambridge, perhaps? English this time?

Well, not really!
... Paris boulevard Jourdan, specifically the south.
Lucien Bechmann (1880-1968), architect , realizes (1922-1925) this group of houses, opened in Spring 1925, one of the founding Deutsch de la Meurthe (industry - oil, aviation, and sponsors) for the French students. The charge of having adopted a style "Oxfordian", he replies that he is an avatar of medieval Norman real source of his inspiration.

The foundation, composed of six residential flats, named after a French scientist or a president of the University of Paris, and a main lodge arranged symmetrically around a garden "The French" is listed as a historic monument since 1998.

The emphasis is on comfort rooms and sports facilities at a time when the cult of the body and mind is considered a fundamental principle of education and youth training.


We are Cité Universitaire Internationale , a real concentrate of 20th century architecture, modernity most inventive pastiche the most unusual, with its 37 houses, a country on this site, boasting one of the largest landscaped parks in Paris.
The international pavilion opened in 1936 , is funded by donations from John D. Rockefeller , which requires companies and an American architect, JF Larson.

Lucien Bechmann withdrew to avoid compromising the operation. It remains consulting architect with Larson, who draws on classical French architecture, especially the castle of Fontainebleau, to create a building style "neo-Louis XIII .

See for yourself ... both sides

City International University is now the main host site for students and mobility of researchers in over 130 nationalities. With an accommodation capacity of about 5800 beds and spaces cultural, sports, dining or recreation, the City is a place for encounters. Two houses are "outside the walls" (Lilac residence and Quai de la Loire old general store in the City of Paris, La Villette 75019)

and one on the island of Brehat.


After the First World War, Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe entrusts Lucien Bechmann, and Jean-Claude Nicolas Forestier, Director of Parks and Gardens of Paris , and Leon Azema, architect of the city walks , who succeeded him in the early thirties, overall plan for the City International University of Paris . Author subsequently entrance pavilions (1932-1933)

flag and Victor Lyon (1950), it will remain the architect of the city council for thirty years (1923-1953).


pacifist In the context of the 20s, André Honnorat, (1868-1950), Minister of Education, MP and senator of the radical left Democratic imagined the creation of a unique city its kind, designed to accommodate a large number of young talents and create a focus of international life, service trade to curb the crisis of student housing and keep intact the international reputation of the French University. Thus was born the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris, which he chaired from 1925 to 1948, he spent 30 years of his life.
Located on 34 acres, south of Paris, along the boulevards, the location of the last military area of Paris, built in 1845 (enclosure Thiers), the municipality wanted to turn into green belt "at the beginning of the 20th century,
City International was one adjustments to the first part of this urban logic. From the outset, it was planned to build a park on the site, between two areas of construction.

Architectures exotic ...
If a good number of houses in a style inspired "regionalist" playing the card of national identity, we do not believe that some here ...
This?

home of Swedish students with shutters placed Swedish Fashion (1931), and this,

home Danish, purple bricks and architectural details (1932), and

Hellenic Foundation , Greece, of course (1932)


Foundation of Grancher Abreu (Cuba House) exhibits signs of his membership in an architectural tradition reminiscent of English colonial architecture .

The architect is Albert Laprade (1883-1978), already crossed ... Opened in 1932, it has a largely foreign audience: doctors in training and research selected by the Assistance Publique - Paris hospitals.
Rehabilitation work in progress, should improve safety and accessibility of the building, improve the comfort of 87 rooms and redo the Grand Salon.
In Laprade no grand gestures or provocative aesthetic, but architectures that speak, behind sometimes a culture, as here, a civilization (Moroccan or achievements Palace of the Golden Gate , built for the 1931 Colonial Exhibition in Paris.), sometimes use (garage Citroen street Marbeuf 1929), or a desire for integration with nature (dam Génissiat 1939).

Résidence Lucien Paye , originally house of France d'Outre-Mer, style decidedly African, was also built by Laprade, Jean with Vernon and Philip Bruno , 20 years later, in 1951 , surrounded by some of the artists with whom he had made and decorated the Museum of Arts of Africa and Oceania, including Quinquaud Anna (1890-1984) for bas-reliefs on the facade.

Prime second Grand Prix de Rome in July 1924 it preferred to explore the Africa to stay, which was offered to Villa Medici in Rome.

She also directed Bas-relief above the left door of the Palais de Chaillot (1937) in Paris.

Heritage Residence also includes several tables, floors and flooring very neat inlaid with exotic woods.
The Residence has been completely renovated since 1991 until 2000, with the renovation of the ballroom, decorated by a series of Aubusson tapestries Roger Bezombes.


Architectures Inventive ...
Designed in 1927, the only work architect Willem Marinus Dudok (1884-1974) France, the Dutch College , is a beautiful interpretation of architectural ideals movement "De Stijl" : rigorously geometric and overlap volumes are dedicated to comfort and light.
Research of this movement, founded in 1917 by Theo van Doesburg, are inseparable from that the painter Mondrian , who is the figurehead and promotes radicalization of a geometric order, admitting more than the vertical and horizontal lines and the strict use of primary colors. "De Stijl" sought to establish a new language, based mainly on the dissemination of abstract forms and synthesis of the arts of architecture, decorative arts, and visual arts.

His ideas on the use of space clearly expressed in an article written in 1914 by Dudok on modernism and military architecture "the principle of modernism lies in the that architecture can be considered an art space or must not only take into account user requirements and technical possibilities, but should also obtain a harmonious whole. "

Also introducing the characteristics of 'Nieuwe Bouwen' such as the use of concrete skeleton and the flat roof, or even FLWright (1867-1959 ) (fore-and large canopies, large plate), it Dudok style is quite personal and very recognizable.

In this building, inaugurated in 1938, classified a historic monument since 2005, the architect develops its own language of modernity. His achievement has suffered the vagaries of construction related mainly to financial problems.

The Dutch College is the vitality of the Dutch architecture of the 30s.

Views Maisons-Alfort , these buildings reminds me irresistibly to this college.

group is the school (920 students) Condorcet (4 rue de Venus), built from 1930 to 1934 by the architects André Dubreuil (1895-1948) and Roger Hummel (1900-1983), listed as a CBM in 1994 . Architects combine references to modernist architecture German and Dutch a spatial legacy of classicism.

Built of reinforced concrete buildings have received a coating of molten glass red and white. Widely published by journals of period architecture, and are perceived as models of such schools meet the research of-war between hygiene and education.

Inaugurated in 1933, the Swiss Foundation , one of the first apartment buildings designed by Le Corbusier (1887-1965) and his cousin Pierre Jeanneret , is considered a manifesto of modern architecture .

It was then that Le Corbusier accesses public housing programs to which it can finally apply his theories and urban architectural avant-garde, using construction methods Innovations such as prefabrication dry metal framing and proposing a completely new aesthetic:
"The five points of a new architecture" published in 1927 by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret , are a systematic summary of their architectural ideas, developed over the years,
The piles (the ground floor is transformed into a dedicated to open space corridors, dark, damp spaces are removed, the garden goes under the building),
rooftop (meaning both the cessation traditional sloping roof, the roof terrace and made accessible and can serve as a solarium, playground sports pool, and rooftop garden.)

the free plan (removal of walls and partition walls bearing structures allowed by the post-and-steel slabs or reinforced concrete frees space whose boundaries are made independent of the structure),
window-banner (she also made possible by post-structural slabs removing the constraint of lintels) ,
the free facade (poles behind the facades, floor door overhang, the facade becomes a thin skin of light walls and windows placed regardless of the structure).
The essential contribution of Le Corbusier is a systematization of his theories which incorporate the design principles developed in the United States by the Chicago School. Y are intermingled with the principles of public health movement of the late 19th and early 20th century aimed at maximum exposure to sunlight in order to fight against tuberculosis.

The construction of this Pavilion, established in exceptionally difficult circumstances (finances and nature soil), was an opportunity to be a veritable laboratory of modern architecture: the problems of greatest urgency there were discussed, particularly the dry construction and soundproofing.

Since 1991, various restoration works are undertaken, structural work (sealing of decks, siding stone), electricity, improving comfort (bathrooms and bedroom furniture), decorations (wall). .. This small building, classified, and the original furnishings, historical monuments since 1986, houses paintings of Le Corbusier and furniture designed by designer Charlotte Perriand .


inaugurated the same year end 1933, another Parisian adventure Le Corbusier, City of Refuge (12 rue Cantagrel 75013) was undertaken by the Army of Hi in 1929 and, after many difficulties overcome, was delivered. This building is constructed of reinforced concrete: frame poles and concrete floors, with slabs of clay. The posts are based on reinforced concrete piles, driven into the ground to a depth of 12-15 m to counter the instability of the ground flooded by groundwater in the Seine.

The extremely unfavorable terrain did not provide a facade of 17 m south on Rue Cantagrel, and another front, east of 9 m Chevaleret Street. Everything else was attached.

is the first residential building completely sealed, which includes in particular a thousand square meters of glazing without sash. The interior is fitted with an air system pulse which gave perfect results in winter and in summer largely satisfactory. This installation of forced air, which is the cornerstone of this building and at the same time, theories of the time of Le Corbusier, was carried out with extremely low credit.
is the result ...

is 25 years later that Le Corbusier returns to the International City, called by Lucio Costa (1902-1998) , famous for plans designed Brasilia. Costa says his execution of House Brazil, inaugurated in 1953 , after having prepared the draft.

Le Corbusier so profoundly altered the original plan by Lucio Costa, the latter gave him the authorship of the building, his winning style at the expense of a formal language that would have favored Brazil curved lines.

Treatment massive pillars, the predominance of right angles, concrete left rough around the edges, the facades loggias concrete vertical blades that punctuate the facades, concrete furniture, color palette, all of which are from the period "brutalist" Le Corbusier .

brutalist structures are composed of angular geometric shapes that are striking in their repetition, which often keep the imprint of the formwork ( the wooden form used to pour concrete b rut stripping "), uncoated or frills. There are also buildings that can be described as brutalist because of their massive appearance, and without preparation, because they exhibit structural materials or equipment which are usually hidden. Pompidou Centre by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano is considered a work brutalist . Brutalist building materials also concrete, can be brick, glass, steel, rough-hewn stone, etc. ...
As the Radiant City of Marseille, the Modulor (based on measurement grid the "Golden Number", built by Le Corbusier in relation to different body parts) governs the dimensions of built elements and the units are arranged in depth.

The building, which had gradually deteriorated, was closed in 1999. After two years of study and body of work, the house has regained its original characteristics. The building was listed in 1985 on the Supplementary Inventory of Historical Monuments.



1969 marks a new stage in the development of the Cité Internationale Universitaire with the original construction of the House of Iran, now Avicenna Foundation in 1972. Associated with two architects from Iran, Mohsen Foroughi and Heydar Ghiaie, Claude Parent, born in 1923 and André Bloc (1896-1966) experience a unique construction system.
The classical and narrow frame chosen by the original designers would have collapsed on careers that opened in the future building. We had to fill the 24-meter gap and shifting sands and find a new foundation system. Block Parent and imagined six wells of 2 m in diameter, 25-deep m. They fichèrent three gantry parallel 38 m long and there accrochèrent building, complete metal structure (framing studs, beams, suspended floors mixed with a macro structure).

The eight-story, two blocks of four, were suspended from these great beams, between the two, an "empty structure" Director's apartment and four Rooms: above, between floors and the roof, another vacuum. The front side device is blind to isolate the interior noise.

A steel spiral staircase just energize this great flat metal surface.

The architectural design follows the rigorous structural bias and the contrast between the steel frame in black and white panels Eternit siding facades.



Tribute to Claude Parent and Avicenna Foundation
sent Cite_TV . - short films and animations.
Closed since 2007 for its rehabilitation, it is included in the inventory of historical monuments since 2008. The intervention, conducted in collaboration with architect Claude Parent in the initial design and a board of experts, is to combine the comfort of students, respectful of heritage development and optimization of the intrinsic qualities of the building.

If you enjoyed this walk why not make it in the flesh and discover for yourself this Cite Internationale Universitaire ? and even penetrate the houses of your choice and some surprises in store ...


On leaving, a glance at the pretty flag 1937 to the RER station, and the fabulous Ginkgo Biloba ...

We could take the T2 tramway or well take a walk into the park Montsouris ...

a little conversation with this man golden Thomas Paine, citizen of the world ... who turns his back on the U.S. House (1930) designed by Pierre Leprince-Ringuet (1874-1954) prolific French architect of the early 20th century. The Foundation has retained its Art Deco interior design ...